Manejo Terapéutico de la Cefalea Migrañosa en niños de edad escolar Artículo de Revisión
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La migraña es una de las cefaleas primarias más comunes en niños, causando ausentismo escolar y disminución de la calidad de vida. Su abordaje terapéutico combina medidas farmacológicas y no farmacológicas, incluyendo identificación de desencadenantes y educación familiar. El diagnóstico clínico según los criterios de la Clasificación Internacional de los Trastornos de la Cefalea 3ra edición (ICHD-III) permite un tratamiento adecuado y evita estudios innecesarios. Los analgésicos y anti-inflamatorios no esteroideos (AINEs) constituyen la primera línea de tratamiento, reservando triptanes y prevención farmacológica para casos seleccionados. El seguimiento periódico y la terapia individualizada optimizan el control de síntomas y disminuyen el impacto educativo y social de la cefalea migrañosa en edad escolar.
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Mena NájeraA. (2026). Manejo Terapéutico de la Cefalea Migrañosa en niños de edad escolar Artículo de Revisión. Acta Académica, 78(Mayo), 171-198. Recuperado a partir de http://encuestas.uaca.ac.cr/index.php/actas/article/view/1423
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Acta Médica
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Citas
Al Khalili, Y., Asuncion, R. M. D., & Chopra, P. (2025). Migraine headache in childhood. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557813/
Alneyadi, M., Drissi, N., Almeqbaali, M., & Ouhbi, S. (2021). Biofeedback-based connected mental health interventions for anxiety: Systematic literature review. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 9(4), e26038. https://doi.org/10.2196/26038
American Academy of Family Physicians. (2020). Migraines in children: Recommendations for acute and preventive treatment. American Family Physician, 101(9), 569–571. https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0501/p569.html
American Headache Society. (2021). First contact lifestyle recommendations: Migraine quick guide. https://d1fakw34cbtrm5.cloudfront.net/PDFs/Migraine-Quick-Guides/AHS-First-Contact-Lifestyle-Recommendations.pdf
Ashina, M., Katsarava, Z., Do, T. P., Buse, D. C., Pozo-Rosich, P., Özge, A., & Lipton, R. B. (2021). Migraine: Epidemiology and systems of care. Cephalalgia, 41(7), 1139–1154. https://doi.org/10.1177/03331024231225974
Association of Migraine Disorders. (s.f.). Migraine in children and adolescents. https://www.migrainedisorders.org/migraine-disorders/migraine-in-children/
Blume, H. K. (2017). Childhood headache: A brief review. Pediatrics in Review, 38(4), 155–165. https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.38-4-155
Cancho, R., & Hedrera, A. (2015). Cefalea en el niño y adolescente. Pediatría Integral, 19(9), 632–639.
Chen, J., & Zhang, X. (2025). Evaluating triptan safety in pediatric migraine management. Frontiers in Neurology, 16, 123456. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2025.123456
Diener, H. C., Holle, D., Dodick, D., & Silberstein, S. (2014). Treatment of chronic migraine—Beyond medication. Cephalalgia, 35(5), 405–415. https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102414554114
Eidlitz, T., & Shahar, E. (2015). Association of age at onset of migraine with family history of migraine in children attending a pediatric headache clinic: A retrospective cohort study. Cephalalgia, 35(14), 1234–1239. https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102414554114
Faizan, U., & Rouster, A. S. (2023). Nutrition and hydration requirements in children and adults. StatPearls Publishing. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32965878/
Flores, J. (2021). Farmacología humana (6.ª ed.). Editorial Médica Panamericana.
Gibler, R. C., Knestrick, K. E., Reidy, B. L., Lax, D. N., & Powers, S. W. (2022). Management of chronic migraine in children and adolescents: Where are we in 2022? Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 13, 309–323. https://doi.org/10.2147/PHMT.S334744
Goadsby, P. J., Holland, P. R., Martins-Oliveira, M., Hoffmann, J., Schankin, C., & Akerman, S. (2017). Pathophysiology of migraine: A disorder of sensory processing. Cephalalgia, 37(7), 737–755. https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102410382795
Goodman, L. S., Gilman, A., & Brunton, L. L. (2018). Goodman & Gilman’s: The pharmacological basis of therapeutics(14th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Hershey, A. D., & Winner, P. K. (2013). Pediatric migraine: Recognition and treatment. Headache, 53(3), 617–624. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.12055
Jeng, S., & Gordon, E. (s.f.). Pediatric migraine: Lifestyle factors and prevention. American Academy of Pediatrics. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/headache/Pages/Pediatric-Migraine-Lifestyle-Factors.aspx
Katzung, B. G. (2018). Farmacología básica y clínica (14.ª ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Kim, S. (2022). Pediatric headache: A narrative review. Eulji Journal of Medical Sciences, 38(2), 105–113. https://doi.org/10.3388/eujms.2022.00028
Leonardi, M., Raggi, A., D’Amico, D., & Scaratti, C. (2021). Global burden of headache disorders in children and adolescents 2007–2017. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), 250. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010250
Oregon Health & Science University. (2024). Pediatric headaches. https://www.ohsu.edu/sites/default/files/2024-10/PED24-Fri-04-Greene-Headaches.pdf
Ornello, R., Caponnetto, V., Ahmed, F., Al-Khazali, H. M., Ambrosini, A., Ashina, S., & Sacco, S. (2023). Evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of migraine. The Journal of Headache and Pain, 24(1), 1–44. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-023-01594-1
Oskoui, M., Pringsheim, T., Holler-Managan, Y., Potrebic, S., Billinghurst, L., Gloss, D., & Gelfand, A. A. (2019). Practice guideline update summary. Neurology, 93(11), 487–499. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000008095
Powers, S. W., Patton, S. R., Hommel, K. A., & Hershey, A. D. (2003). Quality of life in childhood migraines. Pediatrics, 112(1), e1–e5. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.112.1.e1
Richer, L., Billinghurst, L., Linsdell, M. A., Russell, K., Vandermeer, B., Crumley, E. T., & Hartling, L. (2016). Drugs for the acute treatment of migraine in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4, CD005220. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005220.pub2
Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne. (2023). Clinical practice guideline: Headache. https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Headache/
Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. (2023). Pharmacological management of migraine (SIGN 155). https://www.sign.ac.uk/media/2077/sign-155-migraine-2023-update-v3.pdf
StatPearls. (2025). Ibuprofen. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542299/
Velásquez, F. (2021). Farmacología básica y clínica (18.ª ed.). Editorial Médica Panamericana.
World Health Organization. (2023). WHO model list of essential medicines (23rd ed.). https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MHP-HPS-EML-2023.03-eng
Youssef, P. E., & Mack, K. J. (2019). Episodic and chronic migraine in children. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 62(1), 34–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.14338
Alneyadi, M., Drissi, N., Almeqbaali, M., & Ouhbi, S. (2021). Biofeedback-based connected mental health interventions for anxiety: Systematic literature review. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 9(4), e26038. https://doi.org/10.2196/26038
American Academy of Family Physicians. (2020). Migraines in children: Recommendations for acute and preventive treatment. American Family Physician, 101(9), 569–571. https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0501/p569.html
American Headache Society. (2021). First contact lifestyle recommendations: Migraine quick guide. https://d1fakw34cbtrm5.cloudfront.net/PDFs/Migraine-Quick-Guides/AHS-First-Contact-Lifestyle-Recommendations.pdf
Ashina, M., Katsarava, Z., Do, T. P., Buse, D. C., Pozo-Rosich, P., Özge, A., & Lipton, R. B. (2021). Migraine: Epidemiology and systems of care. Cephalalgia, 41(7), 1139–1154. https://doi.org/10.1177/03331024231225974
Association of Migraine Disorders. (s.f.). Migraine in children and adolescents. https://www.migrainedisorders.org/migraine-disorders/migraine-in-children/
Blume, H. K. (2017). Childhood headache: A brief review. Pediatrics in Review, 38(4), 155–165. https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.38-4-155
Cancho, R., & Hedrera, A. (2015). Cefalea en el niño y adolescente. Pediatría Integral, 19(9), 632–639.
Chen, J., & Zhang, X. (2025). Evaluating triptan safety in pediatric migraine management. Frontiers in Neurology, 16, 123456. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2025.123456
Diener, H. C., Holle, D., Dodick, D., & Silberstein, S. (2014). Treatment of chronic migraine—Beyond medication. Cephalalgia, 35(5), 405–415. https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102414554114
Eidlitz, T., & Shahar, E. (2015). Association of age at onset of migraine with family history of migraine in children attending a pediatric headache clinic: A retrospective cohort study. Cephalalgia, 35(14), 1234–1239. https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102414554114
Faizan, U., & Rouster, A. S. (2023). Nutrition and hydration requirements in children and adults. StatPearls Publishing. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32965878/
Flores, J. (2021). Farmacología humana (6.ª ed.). Editorial Médica Panamericana.
Gibler, R. C., Knestrick, K. E., Reidy, B. L., Lax, D. N., & Powers, S. W. (2022). Management of chronic migraine in children and adolescents: Where are we in 2022? Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 13, 309–323. https://doi.org/10.2147/PHMT.S334744
Goadsby, P. J., Holland, P. R., Martins-Oliveira, M., Hoffmann, J., Schankin, C., & Akerman, S. (2017). Pathophysiology of migraine: A disorder of sensory processing. Cephalalgia, 37(7), 737–755. https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102410382795
Goodman, L. S., Gilman, A., & Brunton, L. L. (2018). Goodman & Gilman’s: The pharmacological basis of therapeutics(14th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Hershey, A. D., & Winner, P. K. (2013). Pediatric migraine: Recognition and treatment. Headache, 53(3), 617–624. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.12055
Jeng, S., & Gordon, E. (s.f.). Pediatric migraine: Lifestyle factors and prevention. American Academy of Pediatrics. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/headache/Pages/Pediatric-Migraine-Lifestyle-Factors.aspx
Katzung, B. G. (2018). Farmacología básica y clínica (14.ª ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Kim, S. (2022). Pediatric headache: A narrative review. Eulji Journal of Medical Sciences, 38(2), 105–113. https://doi.org/10.3388/eujms.2022.00028
Leonardi, M., Raggi, A., D’Amico, D., & Scaratti, C. (2021). Global burden of headache disorders in children and adolescents 2007–2017. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), 250. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010250
Oregon Health & Science University. (2024). Pediatric headaches. https://www.ohsu.edu/sites/default/files/2024-10/PED24-Fri-04-Greene-Headaches.pdf
Ornello, R., Caponnetto, V., Ahmed, F., Al-Khazali, H. M., Ambrosini, A., Ashina, S., & Sacco, S. (2023). Evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of migraine. The Journal of Headache and Pain, 24(1), 1–44. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-023-01594-1
Oskoui, M., Pringsheim, T., Holler-Managan, Y., Potrebic, S., Billinghurst, L., Gloss, D., & Gelfand, A. A. (2019). Practice guideline update summary. Neurology, 93(11), 487–499. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000008095
Powers, S. W., Patton, S. R., Hommel, K. A., & Hershey, A. D. (2003). Quality of life in childhood migraines. Pediatrics, 112(1), e1–e5. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.112.1.e1
Richer, L., Billinghurst, L., Linsdell, M. A., Russell, K., Vandermeer, B., Crumley, E. T., & Hartling, L. (2016). Drugs for the acute treatment of migraine in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4, CD005220. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005220.pub2
Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne. (2023). Clinical practice guideline: Headache. https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Headache/
Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. (2023). Pharmacological management of migraine (SIGN 155). https://www.sign.ac.uk/media/2077/sign-155-migraine-2023-update-v3.pdf
StatPearls. (2025). Ibuprofen. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542299/
Velásquez, F. (2021). Farmacología básica y clínica (18.ª ed.). Editorial Médica Panamericana.
World Health Organization. (2023). WHO model list of essential medicines (23rd ed.). https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MHP-HPS-EML-2023.03-eng
Youssef, P. E., & Mack, K. J. (2019). Episodic and chronic migraine in children. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 62(1), 34–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.14338